ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™

ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž- 51 ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-51 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช,
ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช

ื—ื™ื™ื’ื• ืืœื™ื ื•:

ืžื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืคืจื˜ื™?

ื‘ืœืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืกืชืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื“ืจืš ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืงืข, ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืจืื™ื•ืช, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื•ืชืฉืื•ืœื™ื. ื”ื ื” ืกืงื™ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื:

1. ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื ื•ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข

ืžืขืงื‘ ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืคืจื˜ื™. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™, ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื:

  • ื—ืฉื“ ืœื‘ื’ื™ื“ื” ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
  • ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื.
  • ืžืขืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.

2. ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช

ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชื—ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืžื™ืง ื•ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื. ืื ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•:

  • ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืกืชืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืื• ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื.
  • ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจืงืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื.
  • ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืื” ืื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.

3. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืงืข

ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ. ืื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืงืข ืžืขืžื™ืงื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ:

  • ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
  • ืฉื•ืชืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช, ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืื• ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช.
  • ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื ืžื”ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘.

4. ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื

ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื. ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ื:

  • ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™.
  • ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ื”ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.
  • ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ืขื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืชื™ืง.

5. ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช

ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช:

  • ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
  • ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ืื• ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื“ื•ืช.
  • ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื ืžื—ืงื• ืื• ื”ื•ืฉื—ืชื•.

ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื•ืงืจ ืคืจื˜ื™?

ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•:

  • ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื: ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”, ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืื• ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื.
  • ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืกืงื™ื: ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืื• ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
  • ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ: ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื.

ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื

ื”ืื ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช? ืืœ ืชื™ืฉืืจื• ืขื ืกืคืงื•ืช. ืคื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืฉืจืœื•ืง ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชื ื• ืœื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืžืช. ืขื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.

ืžื•ืงื” ืงืจื™ื’ืจ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-51 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื 1468/75. ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.

ืžื•ืงื” ืงืจื™ื’ืจ

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื”? ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช