ื“ืœื’ ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™

ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž- 51 ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-51 ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช,
ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืช

ื—ื™ื™ื’ื• ืืœื™ื ื•:

ืžืชื™ ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช

ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื

ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื— ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขืกืงื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™, ืื“ื ืคืจื˜ื™ ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืฆืžื ื•, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ.

ืžืชื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื—ืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช?

ืœืคื ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช: ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”. ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžื•ืกืชืจื™ื. ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื›ื.

ื‘ืขืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช: ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ืกื›ื•ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ืืš ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื "ื ืขืœื" ืื• ืžืชื—ืžืง ืžืชืฉืœื•ื, ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ: ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื, ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช. ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื”, ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืฆื“ืง.

ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืขื™ืœื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœื•ืช, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ื•ืœืกืคืง ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.

ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช?

ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข, ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืงืฉืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื ืกืชืจื•ืช. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.

ืœืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•?

ื‘ืฉืจืœื•ืง ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉ ืœื›ื.

ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื!

ืื ืืชื ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ. ืคื ื• ืœืฉืจืœื•ืง ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ื ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื›ืœื™. ืืœ ืชื—ื›ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืชื’ื“ืœ โ€“ ื’ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•!

ืžื•ืงื” ืงืจื™ื’ืจ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช

ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-51 ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื 1468/75. ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.

ืžื•ืงื” ืงืจื™ื’ืจ

ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉืืœื”? ืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.

ืฉื™ื—ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช